Social inclusion is a critical aspect of healthy ageing, ensuring that older adults can actively participate in society, maintain social connections, and access essential services. In Cumberland, an ageing population, rural isolation, and economic inequalities contribute to barriers that limit social engagement for many older residents. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions to enhance community participation, improve accessibility, and reduce social isolation.
Barriers to Social Inclusion in Cumberland
A 2022 report by Age UK Carlisle & Eden highlighted three major issues for older adults in Cumberland: transport, social interaction, and accessibility. Of these, transport was the biggest concern, with over a quarter of respondents (25.3%) saying that limited, expensive, or inaccessible transport options prevented them from taking part in social activities (Age UK Carlisle & Eden, 2022). Many older adults rely on buses or taxis to reach essential services, but limited availability, high costs, and inaccessible transport for those with mobility issues create significant barriers. The report highlights that many respondents, particularly in rural areas, struggle to access medical appointments, community centres, and shopping facilities, increasing the risk of isolation and reduced independence.
Social interaction was another key theme, with 13.6% of respondents stating that they needed more opportunities for social engagement (Age UK Carlisle & Eden, 2022). Many requested more social groups, lunch clubs, men’s groups, and informal gatherings to help combat loneliness. However, barriers such as lack of transport, anxiety, and an unwelcoming community atmosphere often discouraged participation. The cost of attending social events was also highlighted as a concern, particularly for those on lower incomes.
Additionally, ageism and lack of respect from younger generations were cited as barriers to inclusion. 12.6% of respondents noted that they often felt overlooked, dismissed, or treated with impatience, particularly when experiencing mobility or cognitive difficulties (Age UK Carlisle & Eden, 2022). These issues were particularly pronounced in urban areas, where fast-paced environments can make older adults feel excluded from public life. Many participants emphasised that a truly age-friendly community should foster greater respect, patience, and understanding across generations.
Geographic and Rural Challenges
Cumberland’s demographic and geographic characteristics present unique challenges to social inclusion. The region includes 14 key service centres, such as Carlisle, Whitehaven, and Cockermouth, which act as hubs for public services and community engagement. However, older adults living in smaller villages and remote rural areas often struggle with limited transport options and reduced access to healthcare, shops, and social spaces (Cumberland Council, 2023). Rural isolation is a well-documented issue affecting older adults, leading to higher rates of loneliness, mental health concerns, and difficulty accessing support networks (Public Health England, 2020).
Strategies to Improve Social Inclusion
To create an age-friendly Cumberland, targeted interventions should focus on enhancing social participation, improving accessibility, and fostering intergenerational relationships. Key recommendations include:
- Expanding Rural Transport Services: Improved public transport options, including community buses and subsidised taxi schemes, would enable older adults to reach essential services and social activities more easily.
- Developing Age-Friendly Community Hubs: Establishing multi-purpose community spaces in towns and villages could provide social, educational, and recreational activities tailored to older adults.
- Encouraging Intergenerational Engagement: Promoting volunteering programs, mentorship schemes, and joint community projects can help bridge the gap between younger and older generations, fostering mutual respect and understanding.
- Enhancing Accessibility and Digital Inclusion: Many older adults in Cumberland face barriers to digital access, limiting their ability to connect with services and social networks. Providing digital literacy programs alongside non-digital communication options (e.g., newsletters, phone support) would help reduce exclusion.
- Promoting Affordable Social Activities: Community groups, councils, and charities should offer low-cost or free activities, ensuring that financial constraints do not prevent older residents from engaging with their communities.